© Copyright 2003 Institute of HeartMath
Introduction
Cell biologist Dr. Glen Rein had conceived of the
idea that DNA would make a good target for testing
healers’ ability to affect biological systems, since well
established quantitative measures of DNA’s conforma-
tional state existed and it potentially offered a more stable
and reliable system than cell or bacterial cultures. He had
tested this model system with several healers by having
them hold test tubes containing DNA while they at-
tempted to create a healing environment, and had ob-
tained some positive indicators that the conformational
state of DNA changed when exposed to these environ-
ments.
In late 1991, Dr. Rein accepted a position at the
HeartMath Research Center with the intention of continu-
ing these experiments in addition to a series of cell culture
studies.
We conducted a number of different experiments
with DNA over the next year and a half. The first six
months were primarily spent performing a series of con-
trol studies to insure the stability of the measurement
system and refining the protocols. Doc Childre then added
the element of intentionality to the protocols, which
proved to be a key factor.
Some of the key results of this series of studies were
presented at research conferences and published in sev-
eral conference proceedings.1-4 We have since received so
many requests for the results of this research that we are
now making a summary of our findings available in this
brief report.
Background
Heart rhythm patterns and emotions
The rhythmic beating of the heart at rest is not
monotonously regular, but rather varies dynamically from
moment to moment. Heart rate variability (HRV), derived
from the electrocardiogram (ECG), is a measure of these
naturally occurring beat-to-beat changes in heart rate,
which has proven to be particularly valuable in studying
HeartMath Research Center.
Rollin McCraty, Ph.D. Mike Atkinson, and Dana Tomasino, B.A.
the physiology of emotions. The analysis of HRV, or
heart rhythms, provides a powerful, noninvasive measure
of neurocardiac function that reflects heart-brain interac-
tions and autonomic nervous system dynamics, which are
particularly sensitive to changes in emotional states. Our
research, along with that of others,
suggests that there is an important
link between emotions and changes in the
patterns of both efferent (descending) and afferent (as-
cending) autonomic activity. These changes in auto-
nomic activity are associated with dramatic changes in
the pattern of the heart’s rhythm.
Specifically, we have found thatduring the experience
of negative emotions such as anger, frustration, or anxiety,
heart rhythms become more erratic
and disordered, indicating less syn-
chronization in the reciprocal action that ensues between
the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the
autonomic nervous system (ANS).
In contrast, sustained positive emotions,
such as appreciation, love, or compas-
sion, are associated with highly ordered or coherent
patterns in the heart rhythms, reflecting greater synchro-
nization between the two branches of the ANS.5
Heart coherence.
Based on these findings, we introduced the term
coherence to describe distinct modes of physiological
functioning associated with the experience of sustained
heartfelt positive emotions. These coherent functional
modes encompass a number of related physiological
phenomena associated with more ordered and harmoni-
ous interactions among the body’s systems, including the
development of a more ordered (coherent) heart rhythm
pattern.5 Two distinct types of coherence associated with
positive emotions have been identified (described in
detail elsewhere6, 7), one of which is characterized by a
sine wave-like HRV pattern and the other by a transient
low HRV state.
Hereafter, we will use the term heart
coherence to refer collectively to both these coherent
2© Copyright 2003 Institute of HeartMath
modes. Our research has also enabled the development of
heart-based tools and techniques that promote positive
emotions and increase heart coherence.5, 8, 9
The heart’s electromagnetic field
The electromagnetic field generated by the heart is
the most powerful rhythmic electromagnetic field pro-
duced by the body.
The heart’s field permeates every cell
and may act as a synchronizing signal for all the cells in
the body in a manner analogous to information carried by
radio waves.
The rhythmically pulsing waves of electro-
magnetic energy generated by the heart create fields
within fields and give rise to interference patterns when
they interact with magnetically polarizable tissues and
substances. We have previously shown that cells studied
in vitro are responsive to the heart’s field. Further studies
conducted in our laboratory have indicated that the heart’s
electromagnetic field can be detected by other individuals
and can produce physiologically relevant effects in a
person five feet away.10
There is a direct correlation between the patterns in
the heart rate variability rhythm and the frequency spec-
trum patterns of the ECG or magnetocardiogram (MCG),
indicating that psychophysiological information can be
encoded into the electromagnetic fields produced by the
heart. Our data show that the heart’s electromagnetic field
becomes more organized during positive emotional (heart
coherent) states, potentially increasing its capacity to
impact surrounding endogenous tissues or exogenous
systems.10
The theory of heart intelligence
The theory of heart intelligence proposed by Doc
Childre postulates that an energetic connection or cou-
pling of information via resonance mechanisms occurs
between higher dimensional structures maintained in the
quantum vacuum (which are organized in a holographic-
like fashion) and the physical DNA in our cells.
These higher dimensional structures are proposed to communi-
cate information to the DNA, guiding cell organization
and differentiation and setting the boundaries for the
individual organism’s ability to vary in its physical,
mental, and emotional domains. At the level of our
physical bodies, the DNA molecule in each cell acts as an
“antenna” and demodulator that is tuned to the organizing
field.
At the macroscopic level, the individual DNA
molecules are linked through an “energetic connection”
in the form of conventional magnetic fields, which are
organized in overlapping patches of cells. As a result,
there are networks of groups of cells that form an ener-
getic system.
In this model the electromagnetic field produced
by the heart acts to bind and synchronize the
cells in the body and functions effectively as a modulated
carrier wave that organizes the higher-level regulatory
functions of the body’s energetic system. The heart thus
provides the encompassing energetic field that binds the
whole system together.
This theory also proposes that the heart serves
as a key access point through which informa-
tion originating in the higher dimensional structures is
coupled into the physical human system, and that states of
heart coherence generated through experiencing heartfelt
positive emotions increase this coupling.
The experiments described in this report were some
of our first steps in testing this hypothesis. Our premise
was that by increasing coupling to the higher dimensional
structures, which in common language are often referred
to as the higher self or spirit, a top-down process could be
initiated which would in turn facilitate an intentional
change in the conformational state of a DNA molecule.
The theory of heart intelligence predicts that individuals
who are able to maintain states of heart coherence have
increased coupling to the higher dimensional structures
and would thus be more able to produce changes in the
DNA.
Methods
In the main study reported on here, the experimental
group consisted of ten individuals who were trained and
experienced in HeartMath’s heart-focused coherence-
building techniques. These participants self-generated
focused feelings of love and appreciation while holding
the intention to cause a sample of DNA to either wind or
unwind.
Eighteen individuals with no training in Heart-
Math techniques served as controls. Some of the control
participants were students from the University of Califor-
nia at Santa Cruz and others were individuals recruited
from the local community. Participants were paid fifty
dollars for their participation.
ECG measurements were recorded and analyzed for
coherence. The HeartMath-trained participants each per-
formed a trial in three different conditions: (1) while in a
heart-focused state (generating feelings of love and ap-
preciation) and holding the intention to cause a specific
change in the DNA; (2) while in a heart-focused state with
no intention to change the DNA; and (3) in their normal
state but with the intention to cause a specific change in
the DNA.
Control group participants performed a trial in
only one condition: a heart-focused state with the inten-
tion to cause a change in the DNA.
The DNA samples consisted of identical aliquots
(labeled in a double-blind fashion) of human placental
DNA (Sigma Chemical Co.) suspended in deionized
3© Copyright 2003 Institute of HeartMath
water (20 ?g/ml).
At the beginning of each experiment, the DNA
samples were heat-treated (80? C for 2 minutes)
to partially denature (unwind) the DNA. All samples were
stored at 4° C in a separate building before and after each
experimental run.
For each trial, the conformation of
DNA was measured before and after exposure to the
subject’s intention using a Hewlett Packard ultraviolet
(UV) absorption spectrophotometer.
The winding and unwinding (conformational
state) of DNA is measured by changes
in the absorption of UV light at 260 nm. Results
were calculated as a percent change relative to the initial
value at the start of a given trial.
In addition, to control for any poten
tial influence of environmental fluctuations, for
each trial performed on a target DNA sample, pre and post
measurements were also conducted for a control DNA
sample (aliquoted from the same stock solution but not
exposed to human intention or heart focus).
Each sample of DNA was contained in small sealed
test tube, which was placed in a beaker to eliminate any
direct contact with the test tube containing the DNA
solution. Target samples were given to all individuals
approximately one minute after physiological recordings
had begun. The subjects held the beaker containing the
test tube for two minutes, during which time the ECG was
continuously recorded. HeartMath-trained participants
were instructed as to which protocol they were to follow
(intention to wind or unwind/no intention, etc.)
When the protocol called for
the participants to hold an intention,
the direction (wind or unwind) was randomized. The
control subjects were instructed to generate feelings of
love and appreciation and asked to hold an intention to
either wind or unwind the DNA.
In addition to the main protocol described above,
several variations of the basic experiment were per-
formed. These included a series of trials to determine
whether DNA could be intentionally influenced over
greater distances. In these long-distance (nonlocal) ex-
periments, the subject attempting to influence the DNA
was located 0.5 miles away from the laboratory where the
DNA was being tested.
The experiments were done blind
in that the experimenter testing the DNA was unaware in
a given trial of whether or not the subject was intentionally
attempting to influence the DNA or the specific nature of
the intention.
Results
In the trials in which individuals practiced in Heart-
Math techniques were instructed to generate feelings of
love and appreciation while holding a specific intention to
cause a change in the DNA (either wind or unwind), there
was an increase in heart coherence (with the specific type
of coherence varying among different participants).
There was also a significant change in the conformation of the
DNA (mean change 10.27%, p < 0.01). In some cases,
changes in DNA conformation of up to 25% were ob-
served, indicating a very robust effect. In contrast, the
control group showed no significant increase in heart
coherence and produced no significant change in the
DNA (mean change 1.09%; data not shown). In general,
the individuals who generated the highest heart coherence
ratios produced the most marked effects on the conforma-
tional changes of the DNA.
When HeartMath-trained participants
maintained a heart coherent state but did not
hold an intention to cause a change in the DNA, the results
were similar to those of the control group, even though the
control group held the intention to cause a change in the
DNA.
Similarly, when the HeartMath-trained partici-
pants held the intention to change the DNA but main-
tained a normal psychophysiological state (without heart
focus), they did not exhibit increased coherence and did
not produce a significant change in the DNA. However,
there was a directional trend in the DNA data for this
condition that was not observed when participants did not
have the intention to cause a change.
The UV spectra shown in Figure 1 indicate a very
large increase in absorption (increased denaturation) of a
DNA sample after an individual generating a particularly
high coherence ratio intended to unwind the DNA. These
changes were threefold larger than those that could be
produced by maximal thermal and/or mechanical pertur-
bation, well known to denature DNA. The effects ob-
served here appear to go well beyond simply causing the
DNA to completely denature (i.e., complete separation of
the two strands).
Figure 2 shows the result of two separate trials in
which a participant intended to cause a winding of the
DNA while in each of the two types of heart coherence
modes. State 1 is now termed physiological coherence
(“entrainment” in earlier publications) while State 2 is
now called the Point Zero mode or low HRV state (“inter-
nal coherence” in earlier publications).6, 7, 11 The results of
both trials are consistent with the subject’s intention to
wind the DNA.
These results indicate that in this experi-
ment the two different heart coherence modes influenced
the winding of the DNA to different extents, with the
Point Zero mode producing a larger effect.
It was also of interest to determine if a particular
intention could be directed to a specific DNA sample.
Thus, an additional trial was performed with Doc Childre,
an individual who had shown consistent ability to gener-
ate extended periods of heart coherence.
In this experiment, three test tubes containing
identical aliquots of DNA were
placed together in the same beaker to deter-
4© Copyright 2003 Institute of HeartMath
Figure 1. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of a DNA
sample before and after being exposed to the intention of an
individual generating heart coherence.
In this trial, the participant was
holding the intention for the DNA to further
unwind. The increase in absorption at 260 nm in the “After”
spectrum relative to the “Before” spectrum indicates that
further denaturation (unwinding) of the DNA did occur. The
substantial change in DNA conformation observed in this trial
was three times larger than that which could be produced by
maximal thermal and/or mechanical perturbation in the lab,
suggesting that physical/chemical alterations in the DNA
bases may have also occurred.
Figure 2. DNA UV absorption spectra obtained in two separate
trials in which a participant was in each of the two types of heart
coherence modes while holding the intention to cause further
winding (renaturation) of the DNA. State 1 in this experiment
corresponds to the physiological coherence mode while State 2
denotes the Point Zero mode.
The decreased absorption at 260 nm relative to
the control spectrum (without exposure to heart
coherence or intention) indicate that both heart coherence
modes coupled with focused intention did produce increased
winding of the DNA. In this experiment, the Point Zero mode
was associated with the ability to produce greater changes in
DNA conformation.
The question was if two of the samples could be affected to different
degrees while not influencing the third sample. The inten-
tion was to simultaneously denature (unwind) two of the
samples to different extents while leaving the third sample
unchanged.
The results shown in Figure 3 indicate that
two of the DNA samples were indeed changed to different
degrees while the third sample was unaffected relative to
a control sample. This ability to simultaneously direct
specific intentions to different DNA molecules suggests
that the information communicated between the indi-
vidual and the DNA is very specific and is not simply an
amorphous energy field.***********
One of the control group participants recruited from
the local community entered the research facility in a
generally upset and frustrated mood and exhibited little
control over his emotions. *******This individual showed an
unusually chaotic heart rhythm pattern, further confirm-
ing his negative emotional state.
He was not able to focus and the idea
of self-generating a positive feeling was an
unfamiliar concept to him. He did, however, agree to hold
the beaker containing the DNA sample. Although he was
not able to maintain a focused intention, his energy did
cause a change in the conformation of DNA sample. The
spectra in Figure 4 show the unusual effect he had on the
DNA.
The “After” spectrum indicates not only an in-
creased winding of the DNA but also a shift in the peak of
the absorption curve. This is a very unusual effect, which
indicates that an alteration in the physical/chemical struc-
ture of one or more of the bases in the DNA molecule may
have occurred.**********
Nonlocal studies
The results shown so far could conceivably be
mediated by the electromagnetic field radiated by the
heart. This hypothesis is supported by studies showing
that DNA is sensitive to externally applied electromag-
netic fields.12****** However, a number of nonlocal studies in
which people hold an intention to affect a biological
system over longer distances have also revealed dramatic
effects. In these studies the distance between the targets
and the people holding the intention are well beyond the
range at which conventional electromagnetic fields could
In this experiment, three DNA samples were held at
the same time by an individual generating heart coherence,
with the intention of simultaneously unwinding two of the
samples to different extents while leaving one of the samples
unchanged. The resulting spectra indicate that Sample 2 indeed
underwent a smaller conformational change than Sample 1,
while Sample 3 remained indistinguishable from the control.
Unusual shift in the UV absorption spectrum of DNA
after being exposed to high-intensity frustration.
conceivably mediate the effect. Figure 5 shows an ex-
ample from a series of experiments in which the indi-
vidual maintaining heart coherence and intending to change
the DNA was 0.5 miles from the DNA sample.
In this example, the intention was to increase the winding of the
DNA. In other such nonlocal experiments the intention to
unwind the DNA caused a corresponding increase in the
absorption peak at 260 nm (data not shown). Results from
a series of five nonlocal trials demonstrated a significant
change in DNA conformation (mean change 2.76%, p <
0.01).
Figure 5. UV absorption spectra of DNA illustrating the ability
of an individual to affect the DNA nonlocally. In this experiment,
the participant generating heart coherence and intending to
increase the winding of the DNA was located one-half mile
away from the DNA sample. The decrease in absorption at 260
nm observed in the “After” spectrum relative to the “Before”
spectrum indicates that increased winding of the DNA did
occur.
Discussion
UV spectroscopy gives information about the chemi-
cal interactions between DNA strands, the resonance
energy transfer along individual strands, and the interac-
tion between the strands and their environment (water).
The conformational changes of DNA observed in this
study were complex and suggest that all three sites of
action were affected.
************The results provide experimental evidence to sup-
port the hypothesis that aspects of the DNA molecule can
be altered through intentionality.********* To our knowledge, this
study was the first to correlate specific electrophysiologi-
cal modes with the ability to cause changes in a biological
target (DNA) external from the body. The data indicate
that when individuals are in a heart-focused, loving state
and in a more coherent mode of physiological function-
ing, they have a greater ability to alter the conformation of
DNA.
Individuals capable of generating high ratios of
heart coherence were able to alter DNA conformation
according to their intention. Intending to denature (un-
wind) or renature (wind) the DNA had corresponding
effects on the UV spectra.
Control group participants showed low
ratios of heart coherence and were unable to
intentionally alter the conformation of DNA. It is impor-
tant to note that both the intention to cause a change and
heart coherence were important variables in the outcomes
of the experiments.
These findings, coupled with the observations that
the DNA could also be influenced nonlocally and that
three samples could be simultaneously affected in differ-
ent ways, seem only to be comprehensible within a
quantum physics framework.
These data support the hypothesis
that an energetic connection exists between
structures in the quantum vacuum and corresponding
structures on the physical plane, and that this connection
can be influenced by human intentionality.
The experimental data are also
consistent with the concept that states
of heart coherence facilitate greater coupling between an
individual and higher dimensional (spirit-level) struc-
tures, thereby enabling human intention to interact with
these structures and initiate a top-down process whereby
energetic information in the quantum vacuum can be
modulated and influence physical systems.
In Childre’s model briefly summarized earlier, within
living systems the DNA molecule is proposed to act as an
“antenna” and demodulator that is tuned to a nonlocal
field existing outside of space-time, thus functioning as a
conduit through which higher dimensional epigenetic
information is transduced at the level of the physical
organism.
Since DNA is thus predicted to be particularly
sensitive to this flow of information, we reasoned that it
should make a good model system to explore the effects
of human intentionality. By using an in vitro DNA target
in this study, we eliminated any potential neuronal or
biochemical influences that could occur in vivo, thus
demonstrating a direct energetic interaction.
While the DNA utilized
in this experiment was derived from an
exogenous source, it is likely that an individual’s own
DNA would be more “tuned” or resonant, and therefore
even more responsive, to that person’s intentions.
*************Thus, though clearly in need of further testing,
it is conceivable that individuals
could influence their own DNA through
a top-down process such as that described above, poten-
tially producing effects of even greater magnitude than
those observed in this study.
The denaturation and renaturation of DNA
studied in this investigation are biologi-
cally relevant processes involved in a number of vital
cellular functions, including DNA replication and repair
as well as transcription, a process which results in the
generation of proteins and enzymes that in turn regulate
many aspects of cellular physiology. Thus, the data pre-
sented here support the concept that cell-level processes
can be influenced by human intention, mediated via
energetic interactions.
********Also intriguing is the finding that heart coherence,
generated through heart-focused positive emotions, ap-
pears to be necessary for this type of interaction to
produce significant effects. It is possible that this finding
may hold a key to better understanding the observed
contribution of positive feelings and attitudes to health
and healing, as well as other related, well acknowledged
but poorly understood phenomena such as the placebo
effect, spontaneous remission in cancer, the health re-
wards of a strong faith, and the positive effects of prayer.
The data reported in this study support the concept that
energetic mechanisms may play a significant part in
mediating such effects. Finally, should the model pro-
posed here be confirmed by further research, understand-
ings gained through this process could potentially aid us
in learning how to consciously affect aspects of our
physiology and health through heart-focused intention. It
********is our belief that learning how to interact with, and effect
change in, the energetic patterns associated with biologi-
cal structures and systems may form the basis for a new
mode of treating diseases and disorders that are largely
unresponsive to existing medical treatments.
New understandings gleaned
from research in this area could also aid
people in enhancing their health and well-being, and that
of their environment, on a day-to-day basis.
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